On the left, an asphalt shingle roof with an annotation for the pipe and heater flue penetrations. On the right, a curb-mounted HVAC unit with annotations noting it as a penetration.

Penetration

Component - A roof penetration is an opening where something passes through the roof surface, such as a plumbing pipe or an HVAC unit curb.

How do Penetrations Affect a Roof?

Roof penetrations appear on both steep and low-slope roofs wherever plumbing, ventilation or other equipment needs a path through the roof. They are the most common source of roof leaks.

A roof covering works best when its surface is continuous. A penetration interrupts that surface with an opening, so the surrounding flashing has to direct water around the opening and tie the penetration back into the roof system.

Penetrations are often mentioned in estimates and inspections because each one requires its own waterproofing or flashing detail. A roof with many penetrations takes more labor to install, repair or replace than a roof with fewer penetrations.

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Further Reading

How to Properly Replace Chimney Flashing on a Sided Chimney
Chimneys are the largest penetrations on most steep-slope roofs, making them the most common source of leaks.

Pipe Boots: How to Inspect & Evaluate Service Life
Learn how roofers protect penetrations from water and how to inspect the most common penetration in roofing: pipes.

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